GamePigeon is an iMessage extension which features following games: 8-Ball Poker Sea Battle Anagrams Gomoku More games are coming very soon! Who Invented Crossbows? Crossbows originated from ancient China, they were invented during the Zhou dynasty, around the year 700 BC. The Zhou Dynasty was the longest-lasting of ancient China’s dynasties. It came after the Shang Dynasty and it was dismantled when the Qin army attacked and captured them around 256 BCE.

Since the 1950s Candy Land has been a staple in the game closets of schools and homes alike. The popular game focuses on a world made of chocolate and gumdrops, much like the film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory would decades later. Entranced by a mythical dimension of sweets, kids often gravitate towards the brightly-colored box and game pieces. Your job in this visual novel game is to uncover the mystery of what altered his vision. While the English translation is a bit off, I think it makes the story even funnier. If you’re looking for a chuckle, and wish to live out your obsession for alpacas – the Japanese have finally invented the perfect game for you. In 1888, Cogswell & Harrison created targets made from lime and pitch, which are still used in modern clay targets. During World War II, Project Pigeon (later Project Orcon, for 'organic control') was American behaviorist B. Skinner's attempt to develop a pigeon-guided missile. Other articles where Carrier pigeon is discussed: pigeon: Homing pigeons (Colomba livia) possess a group of neurons that are used to help the birds process changes in the direction, intensity, and polarity of magnetic fields around them. The sensitivity of the pigeons to these physical properties allows them to determine their directional heading.

Clay pigeon shooting, also known as clay target shooting, is a shooting sport involving shooting a firearm at special flying targets known as clay pigeons, or clay targets.

The terminology commonly used by clay shooters often relates to times past, when live-pigeon competitions were held. Although such competitions were made illegal in the United Kingdom in 1921, a target may still be called a 'bird', a hit may be referred to as a 'kill', and a missed target as a 'bird away'; the machine which projects the targets is still known as a 'trap'.

History[edit]

Clay targets began to be used in place of live pigeons around 1875. Asphalt targets were later developed, but the name 'clay targets' stuck. In 1893, the Inanimate Bird Shooting Association was formed in England. It was renamed to the Clay Bird Shooting Association in 1903.^[1] It held annual clay-pigeon-shooting contests^[1] and lasted until the outbreak of World War I.^[2] In 1921, the British parliament passed a bill without opposition making it illegal to shoot birds from traps.^[3]

Disciplines[edit]

Clay pigeon shooting has at least 20 different forms of regulated competition called disciplines, although most can be grouped under the main headings of trap, skeet, and sporting.

Sporting clays[edit]

The English Sporting discipline has the sport's biggest following. While the other disciplines only use standard targets, in Sporting almost anything goes. Targets are thrown in a great variety of trajectories, angles, speeds, elevations and distances and the discipline was originally devised to simulate live quarry shooting, hence some of the names commonly used on sporting stands: springing teal, driven pheasant, bolting rabbit, crossing pigeon, dropping duck, etc. Disciplines in this group include English sporting, international (FITASC) sporting, super sporting sportrap, and Compak sporting.

This discipline can have an infinite variety of 'stands'. English sporting is the most popular form of clay shooting in the UK, and a course or competition will feature a given number of stands each of which has a predetermined number of targets, all traveling along the same path and speed, either as singles or doubles.

Each stand will feature a different type of target; e.g., crosser, driven, quartering, etc. International (FITASC) sporting gives a much greater variety of targets in terms of trajectory and speed, and is shot by squads of six competitors in rounds of 25 targets at a time. Super Sporting is a hybrid of the two preceding varieties. There are also other formats such as Compak sporting and sportrap in which five cages are surrounded by a number of traps, and shooters fire a specific combinations or singles from each stand according to a program displayed in front of the cage.

Maze clays shooting[edit]

This is a new shotgun game that offers sporting clays and FITASC target presentations on a skeet/trap or open field. This is possible by using a movable support system that carries the release buttons (wired or wireless setup) from 6 to 9 traps and the dual safety screen in any place on the field. As a result, the shooter can shoot in safe conditions upon target presentations in varying range (10 to 60 yards) and varying angles (sharp to wide).

Trap shooting[edit]

Targets are thrown either as singles or doubles from one or more traps situated some 15 m in front of the shooter, and are generally going away from the firing point at varying speeds, angles and elevations. The most common disciplines in this group are:

• Down-The-Line (DTL) Single Barrel
• Double Rise
• Automatic Ball Trap (ABT)
• Olympic Trap
• Double Trap
• Universal Trench
• Helice (or ZZ)

Down-the-Line[edit]

Also known as DTL, this is a popular trap shooting discipline. Targets are thrown to a distance of 45 to 50 metres at a fixed height of approximately 2.75 m and with a horizontal spread of up to 22 degrees either side of the centre line. Each competitor shoots at a single target in turn, but without moving from the stand until all have shot five targets. Then they all move one place to the right, and continue to do so until they have all completed a standard round of 25 birds. Scoring of each target is 3 points for a first barrel kill, 2 points for a second barrel kill and 0 for a miss (maximum 75 points per round). Variations of this discipline are single barrel, double rise, and handicap-by-distance.

Olympic trap[edit]

As its name indicates, this is one of the disciplines which form part of the shooting programme at the Olympic Games. A trench in front of the shooting stands conceals 15 traps arranged in five groups of three. Shooters take turns to shoot at a target each, before moving in a clockwise direction to the next stand in the line. Targets for each shooter are thrown immediately upon his call and are selected by a shooting scheme (program) that ensures all competitors receive exactly the same target selection, but in an unpredictable randomised order to the extent that there will be one straight, two left and two right targets for each stand from any one of the three traps directly in front of him/her; guessing which one is next is impossible unless the shooter is on his/her last five targets.

Olympic trap targets are set to travel 76 metres (+/-1m) at the top of trench level marker peg, unless the terrain is dead flat, at varying elevations and with a maximum horizontal angle of 45 degrees either side of the centre line (being where the target exits the trench). Scoring is on the basis of one point per target killed, regardless of whether this is achieved with the first or with the second barrel unless it is a final where the top six scorers shoot off as a single barrel event, regardless of local club grades if any.

A simpler and cheaper to install variation of this discipline is known as automatic ball trap (ABT) where only one trap is used and target variation is obtained by the continuous oscillation of the trap in both horizontal and vertical directions in order to give the same spread of targets as in Olympic trap. Similarly, the targets are also thrown to a maximum of 76 metres.

Also known as Bunker Trap, and International Trap

Universal trench[edit]

A variation on the theme of trap shooting, sometimes known as five trap. Five traps are installed in a trench in front of the shooting stands, all set at different angles, elevations and speeds, and upon the call of 'Pull!' by the shooter any one of the five machines, selected at random, will be released.

Horizontal angles can vary from 0 degrees to 45 degrees either side of the centre line and target distance is between 60 and 70 metres. Elevations can vary, as in other trap disciplines (except DTL), between 1.5 and 3.5 metres above ground level.

There are 10 different schemes available.

Skeet shooting[edit]

Skeet is a word of Scandinavian origin, though the discipline originated in America. Targets are thrown in singles and doubles from 2 trap houses situated some 40 metres apart, at opposite ends of a semicircular arc on which there are seven shooting positions. The targets are thrown at set trajectories and speeds. The main disciplines in this group are English skeet, Olympic skeet and American (NSSA) skeet.

In NSSA discipline, targets are released in a combination of singles and doubles, adding up to a total of 25 targets per round, from the High and Low trap houses on a fixed trajectory and speed. Variety is achieved by shooting round the seven stations on the semicircle, followed by an eighth station, located between stations one and seven. Scoring is on the basis of 1 point per target killed, up to a maximum of 25.

In English skeet (by far the most popular of the skeet disciplines), the gun position is optional (i.e., pre-mounted or out-of-shoulder when the target is called) and the targets are released immediately upon the shooter's call.

In Olympic skeet, the targets travel at a considerably faster speed, the release of the target can be delayed up to 3 seconds after calling and the gun-down position is compulsory. There is also an eighth shooting station, midway between the two houses.

NSSA and English version of Skeet have the concept of option targets, where the shooter has to repeat the first missed target. In the situation where the first 24 targets are all hit, the last target is considered the option. Here is a representation of Skeet sequences for all variations.

Electrocibles or helice shooting[edit]

Originating in Belgium during the 1960s, Electrocibles is similar to trap shooting, but the clays are equipped with a helice that will give the clay an erratic and unpredictable flight. The helice is composed of two winged plastic propellers with a white clay in the centre.^[4] Now the sport is named helice shooting.^[5]

Plastic propellers holding a detachable centre piece are rotated at high speed and released randomly from one of five traps. They fly out in an unpredictable way; so-said buzzing through the air. It is designed specifically to simulate as closely as possible the old sport of live pigeon shooting. Its original name of ZZ comes from the inventor who made them out of zinc, and had previously shot a specific breed of pigeon called a zurito; hence the term the zinc zurito. World and European Championships are held every year organized by FITASC.^[6]

Targets[edit]

The targets used for the sport are usually in the shape of an inverted saucer, made from a mixture of pitch and pulverized limestone rock designed to withstand being thrown from traps at very high speeds, but at the same time being easily broken when hit by just a very few lead or steel pellets from a shotgun.

The targets are usually fluorescent orange or black, but other colours such as white, or yellow are frequently used in order that they can be clearly seen against varying backgrounds and/or light conditions.

Targets are made to very exacting specifications with regard to their weight and dimensions and must conform to set international standards. axis and allies download mac

There are several types of targets that are used for the various disciplines, with a standard 108 mm size being the most common used in American Trap, Skeet, and Sporting Clays while International disciplines of these same games use a slightly larger 110 mm diameter size. Only the standard 108/110 mm target is used in all of the trap and skeet disciplines. Sporting shoots feature the full range of targets (except ZZ) to provide the variety that is a hallmark of the discipline.

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All three sports use a shotgun, and in the sporting disciplines are sub-classified by the type of game the clay target represents (pigeon, rabbit, etc.). The two primary methods of projecting clay targets are airborne and ground (rolling).

Naturally, the simplest method of throwing a clay target is by hand, either into the air or along the ground. This method is the simplest, and many 'trick shot' shooters throw their own targets (some able to throw as many as ten birds up and hit each individually before any land). However, a multitude of devices have been developed to throw the birds more easily and with more consistency. A plastic sling-like device is the simplest, though modern shooting ranges will usually have machines that throw the clay targets in consistent arcs at the push of a button.

Standard

The most commonly used target of all, must weigh 105 g and be of 110 mm overall diameter and 25–26 mm in height for International competitions and for American competitions they must weigh approximately 100 g (3.5 oz) and be of 108 mm (4.3 in) overall diameter and 28.0–29.0 mm (1.10–1.14 in) in height.

Midi

Same saucer shape as the standard but with a diameter of only 90 mm; these targets are faster than the standard types.

Mini

This target is sometimes likened to a flying bumblebee at only 60 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height.

Battue

A very thin target measuring about 108–110 mm in diameter, it flies very fast and falls off very suddenly simulating a duck landing. They are generally more expensive than other targets.

Rabbit

A thicker, but standard 108–110 mm diameter flat target in the shape of a wheel designed to run along the ground.

ZZ

This is a plastic, standard sized target attached to the center of a two-blade propeller of different color designed to zigzag in flight in a totally unpredictable manner.

Traps[edit]

Traps are purpose-made, spring-loaded, flywheel or rotational devices especially designed to launch the different types of targets in singles or pairs at distances of up to 100 metres.

These machines vary from the very simple hand-cocked, hand-loaded and hand-released types to the highly sophisticated fully automatic variety, which can hold up to 600 targets in their own magazine and are electrically or pneumatically operated. Target release is by remote control, either by pressing a button or by an acoustic system activated by the shooter's voice.

Target speeds and trajectories can be easily modified and varied to suit the discipline or type of shooting required.

Guns[edit]

Clay pigeon shooting is performed with a shotgun. The type of shotgun used is often a matter of taste and affected by local laws as well as the governing body of the sport in competitive cases.

All types of shotguns are suitable for clay pigeon shooting, however the ability to fire multiple shots in quick succession is generally considered important. Some skilled shooters will use a single shot firearm in order to add to the challenge. Traditionally Over and Under and Side by Side shotguns have been popular, however semi-automatic and to a lesser extent pump-action have been making gains, particularly as the cost of reliable, accurate semi-automatics has come down over the last decade.

Over And Under

(sometimes shortened to OAU or O/U) As its name indicates this gun has two barrels aligned horizontally and stacked vertically. There is usually one trigger however some models have two. Within this type there are three sub-groups of specification: trap, skeet, and sporting. Trap guns are generally heavier and longer barreled (normally 30 or 32 in or 0.76 or 0.81 m) with tight choking and designed to shoot slightly above the point of aim. Skeet guns are usually lighter and faster handling with barrel length from 26 to 28 in (0.66 to 0.71 m) and with fairly open chokes. Sporting models most often come with an interchangeable choke facility and barrel lengths of 28 in (0.71 m), 30 in (0.76 m), and 32 in (0.81 m) according to preference.

Semi-auto

This is a single barreled gun that chambers a new shell from a magazine automatically after each shot, but which requires the shooter to press the trigger for each shot. This design combines reduced recoil and relatively low weight with quick follow up shots.

Side-by-side

(sometimes shortened to SS or SXS) Like the over and under, there are two barrels, however instead of being arranged in a vertical stack they are next to each other on a horizontal plane. Side-by-sides are harder to aim for new shooters, as the two barrels does not provide the same instinctive feedback as the single visible barrel of a semi-automatic or O/U. Modern production of SXS weapons is limited, in favor of O/U, and older weapons are usually not rated for steel shot, preventing their use on many shooting ranges.

Pump-action

This is a single barreled gun that reloads from a tubular or box magazine when the user slides a grip towards and then away from themselves. The pump-action format is popular with casual shooters in the US, but is far less common in Europe. The pump-action is inherently slower than all but the single barrel break action and thus follow up shots are more difficult. In addition to this, although their mechanical complexity is comparable to that of the semi-automatic they lack the latter's advantage of recoil reduction.

Single-shot

Most single shot shotguns are break action; they operate similarly to the over and under and the side-by-side except they have only one barrel and can hold only one shot. Some are very inexpensive, and they are the most popular type of gun in American Trap. Most other clay pigeon shooting disciplines require guns capable of holding two shells. The low weight of some single-shot guns result in excessive recoil which further diminishes their appeal for high volume clay shooting.

Cartridges[edit]

Shotgun cartridges are readily available in gun shops and at shooting grounds, and within limitations as to the shot size and the weight of the shot load are suitable for clay shooting at CPSA affiliated grounds and for use in events coming under CPSA rules. Though home loaded cartridges allow the user to customize the ballistic characteristics of their shells, they are generally not allowed at clay pigeon shooting events unless specified otherwise.

The instructions and specifications are printed on the boxes. For clay competition, shot size must not exceed 2.6 mm/English No. 6.^[7] The shot load must be a maximum 28 g (0.99 oz) for all domestic disciplines; or 24 g (0.85 oz) for Olympic trap, Olympic skeet, and double trap; up to 28 g for FITASC sporting (from 2005); and 36 g (1.3 oz) for helice.^{[citation needed]}

Lasers[edit]

Laser Clay Pigeon Shooting, also known as Laser Clay Shooting or even Laser Shooting, is a variation on the traditional sport of Clay Pigeon Shooting where the shotguns are disabled and fitted with laser equipment that can detect hits on specially modified reflective clays. Laser clay pigeon shooting offers a safe alternative for beginners.

The rules and disciplines are normally the same as the traditional sport using live weapons.

There are four principal pieces of equipment for a laser clay shooting setup: guns, launcher, scoreboard, and clays.^[8]

• A laser clay shooting gun at a laser clay shooting range.

• Laser Clay Launcher/Trap

The activity can be done indoors or outdoors. Just like traditional clay shooting clays are released from a trap and the participants shoot at the flying disc. Unlike traditional clay shooting, multiple participants all shoot at the same disc. In most equipment the register of hits and misses is recorded electronically, and the sounds of the shotgun firing and the clay being hit are played from simulated sounds.

Game pigeon tweak jb. Although the activity is similar to traditional clay shooting it does use slightly different shooting principles, some of which are closer to target shooting.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abThe Encyclopædia of Sport & Games: Rackets - Zebra. 1912.
2. ^Lowerson, John (1993). Sport and the English Middle Classes, 1870-1914. Manchester University Press. ISBN978-0-7190-4651-3.
3. ^Parliament, New Zealand (1928). Parliamentary Debates. p. 33.
4. ^'Electrocibles or helice shooting'. eiaweb.it. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
5. ^'L'Italia dell'Elica sulla vetta d'Europa' (in Italian). armietiro.it. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
6. ^'Helice ZZ'. fitasc.com. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
7. ^CartridgesArchived 2009-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Clay Pigeon Shooting Association rules.
8. ^'What is Laser Clay Shooting? - Things to do in Reading'. Things to do in Reading. Retrieved 2018-04-04.

External links[edit]

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Cornhole (also known regionally as bags, sack toss, or bean bag) is a lawn game in which players take turns throwing 16 ounce bags of corn kernels at a raised platform (board) with a hole in the far end. A bag in the hole scores 3 points, while one on the board scores 1 point. Play continues until a team or player reaches or exceeds the score of 21 by means of cancellation scoring.

Rules and regulations[edit]

Equipment and court layout[edit]

Cornhole matches are played with two sets of bags, two boards and two to four players.^[1]

There are four bags to a set. Each set of bags should be distinguishable from the other; different colors work well. The American Cornhole League's rules call for double-seamed fabric bags measuring 6 by 6 inches (150 by 150 mm) and weighing 15.5 to 16.5 ounces (440 to 470 g)^[1] Although bags used to be filled with corn kernels (hence the name Cornhole), bags are nowadays usually filled with plastic resin or another material that will maintain a consistent weight and shape. Bags are usually dual sided, with each side of the bag being a different material that reacts faster or slower on the board. Faster bags are preferred in humid conditions where bags will not slide as readily. Additionally, professional players may use different materials depending on their personal throwing styles. Players with a lower, harder, throw may use more rotation and a slower bag material. Players with higher, softer throws may throw with less rotation and prefer a more reactive bag.

Each board is 2 by 4 feet (0.61 by 1.22 m), with a 6-inch (150 mm) hole centered 9 inches (230 mm) from the top. Each board should be angled with the top edge of the playing surface 12 inches (300 mm) above the ground, and the bottom edge 3–4 inches (76–102 mm) above the ground. A regular court places the holes 33 feet (10 m) apart, or 27 feet (8.2 m) between the bottoms of the platforms. Shorter distances can be used when younger players are participating or there is not sufficient room.^[1]

Bags are tossed from the pitcher's box, which is the rectangular area directly to the left or right of a platform. The bottom of the platform forms the foul line.

Gameplay[edit]

Cornhole matches are broken down into innings or frames of play.^[1] During each frame, every player throws four bags, alternating teams between each throw. A player must deliver the bag from either the left or right pitcher's box, and remain in that designated pitchers box for the duration of the game in doubles or crew (in crew, each player will only throw 2 bags, however). In singles play, a player will throw from both the right and left pitcher's box during the game as the players walk down to retrieve their bags in their designated lane. At no time will opponents throw from the same pitcher's box during a frame. Players may not step over the foul line or outside of the pitcher's box while pitching.^[1]

Each player must deliver the bag within twenty seconds. The time starts when the player steps onto the pitcher's box with the intention of pitching. The player who scored in the preceding frame pitches first in the next frame. If neither player scores, the player who pitched first in the preceding inning pitches first in the next inning. Note: No foot can land past the front of the board until the bag leaves the hand, otherwise the point does not count.

Cornhole can be played as singles, doubles, or crew format (4 players to a team). In doubles play, four players split into two teams. One member from each team pitches from one board and the other members pitch from the other. The first side of players alternate pitching bags until both players have thrown all four of their bags, then the players pitching from the opposing cornhole board continue to alternate in the same manner until all four of their bags are delivered and the inning or frame is completed. In singles play, two players play against each other. Delivery is handled in the same manner as doubles play. Both contestants pitch from the same cornhole board and alternate their pitches until all of their bags have been pitched, completing the inning or frame.^[2]

In crew format, each end of the board consists of two players from each team, with eight total players (4 per team). Players will throw two bags each per frame, still in alternating fashion.

Scoring[edit]

In order to score, the bags must either be tossed into the hole or land on the board. A bag that falls through the hole is worth three points. The bag can be tossed directly into the hole, slide into the hole, or be knocked into the hole by another bag. A bag that lands on the board and is still on the board at the end of the inning is worth one point. If a bag touches the ground and comes to rest on the board, it is removed from the board prior to continuation of play and not worth any points (commonly referred to as a 'dirt bag'). Scoring is done by cancellation (e.g., if Team A scores 12 points in the frame and Team B scores 10 points in the frame, Team A is awarded 2 points). Play continues until a player or team reaches or exceeds 21 points.

In the common version of cancellation scoring, the total score for each team for the inning is totaled each round, and then the difference of the two scores is awarded to the team with the higher score. It is thus only possible for one team to score points each inning. For example, if one team lands two bags in the hole and one on the board for 7 points, and the other team lands one bag in the hole and two on the board for 5 points, 5 points from the round would cancel out, and the first team would thus score 2 points. Because only one team can score points in each frame, it is impossible for both teams to reach or exceed 21 points in the same inning, and therefore ties are impossible.

A cornhole match is played until the first player or team reaches 21 points at the completion of an inning. The winning team does not need to win by two or more points.^[2]

Gameplay strategy varies by player and skill level. At the professional level, players can easily slide all 4 bags into the hole if no bag blocks the path. Defensive strategies are often employed to slow down game play or force opponents to make difficult decisions, such as throwing a blocker bag that rests in front of the hole. This forces an opponent to either slide through the blocker bag to reach the hole, throw another blocker behind the bag, or attempt a riskier airmail shot over the bag (throwing directly into the hole without touching the board).

An uncommon version of scoring also includes a 2-point option. A bag is worth 2 points if it is on the board and hanging over the hole, but has not fallen through the hole. This version of game play disincentives aggressive game play and riskier airmail shots.

Other unofficial scoring variations require one team to earn exactly twenty-one points to win. If a team's score exceeds 21 after any inning, the result differs among various house rules. Options include that the team must return to fifteen points, that the team must return to their prior score, that the team must return to their prior score and deduct one point from that score, and that the team must return to their prior score and deduct from that the number of points they scored in the most recent inning. In some variations, if a team's score goes over 21 three times before their opponents reach or exceed 21, they win the match.

History[edit]

The game described in Heyliger de Windt's 1883 patent for 'Parlor Quoits' displays most of the features of the modern game of 'cornhole', but with a square hole instead of a round one.^[3]Quoits is a game similar to horseshoes, played by throwing steel discs at a metal spike. De Windt's patent followed several earlier 'parlor quoits' patents that sought to recreate quoit game-play in an indoor environment.^[4] His was the first to use bean-bags and a slanted board with a hole as the target.

He sold the rights to the game to a Massachusetts toy manufacturer that marketed a version of the game under the name 'Faba Baga'.^[4] Unlike the modern game, which has one hole and one size of bags, a 'Faba Baga' board had two different-sized holes, worth different point values, and provided each player with one extra-large bag per round, which scored double points.

In September 1974, Popular Mechanics magazine published an article written by Carolyn Farrell about a similar game called 'Bean-bag Bull's-eye'.^[5] Bean-bag bull's-eye was played on a board the same width of modern cornhole boards (24'), but only 36' long as opposed to the 48' for cornhole. The hole was the same diameter (6') but was centered 8' from the back of the board as opposed to the 9'-center of cornhole boards. Each player threw two bags, weighing 8 ounces each, 'in succession.' In cornhole, the players alternate throwing 4 bags, each weighing 15.5-16.5 ounces. The boards in bean-bag bull's-eye were placed 'about 30 ft. apart for adults, 10 ft. for kids.' Scoring was essentially the same as that used in cornhole (3 points for a bag in the hole, 1 point for a bag remaining on the board, and cancellation scoring).

In the Chicago area, cornhole is often referred to as 'bags.' The game spread in Chicago, Illinois, and the Northwest region of Indiana in the late 1970s and early 1980s, perhaps due to the Popular Mechanics article mentioned above. The game's popularity on Cincinnati's west side in the 1980s spread to surrounding areas in Kentucky and Southeast Indiana.

Tournaments[edit]

The American Cornhole League ('ACL') was founded in 2015 by Stacey Moore. According to ACL's website, it promotes and develops cornhole as a sport on every level, created software and apps to manage cornhole leagues, tournaments, special events, and player development.^[6]

The American Cornhole Organization ('ACO'), established in 2005 and headquartered in Milford, Ohio. As of August 1, 2019 ACO claimed on its website to be the 'governing body for the sport of cornhole.'^[7]

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The American Cornhole Association ('ACA') is an organization whose sole mission is to help cornhole players enjoy the game of cornhole. According to its website, '[o]ne of the most important ways to achieve this goal is for people to have high-quality equipment to play on.'^[8] Accordingly, it appears that ACA is more focused on selling cornhole-related products and equipment than it is on being a sanctioning body of the sport; however, it does have its own rules and does sponsor events.

Variations[edit]

Smaller versions, with scaled-down board, bags, and holes are available for indoor and children's use from a variety of vendors.

Terminology[edit]

The following is a list of terms commonly used in cornhole:

• Airmail: A bag that does not slide or bounce on the board but goes directly into the hole, usually over an opponent's blocker bag.
• Back door, jumper Dirty Rollup: A cornhole that goes over the top of a blocker and into the hole.^[9][10]
• Backstop: A bag that lands past the cornhole but remains on the board creating a backboard for a slider to knock into without going off the board.^[9]
• Blocker: A bag that lands in front of the hole, blocking the hole from an opponent's slide shot.^[9][10]
• Cornfusion: When players or teams cannot agree on the scoring of a given inning.^[9]
• Cornhole or Drano: A bag that falls in the hole, which is worth three points.^[9] The alternative name is a reference to a trademark, that of a sink clog clearing product.
• Cornholio: Same as grand bag or as just cornhole, depending on region; named for the alter-ego of the character Beavis in the animated TV series Beavis and Butt-Head.
• Dirty bag: A bag that is on the ground or is hanging off the board touching the ground.^[10]
• Frame: A single round or turn during which a player and opponent each throw 4 bags.
• Four bagger: A sequence of a player making all four bags in the hole during a frame. There is a tradition in some areas where any social player who puts all four bags in the hole on a single turn gets to sign the board, often with some type of ceremony and recognition.
• Flop or floppy bag: Type of toss that didn’t spin the bag horizontally or vertically. Without rotation or spin.^[11]
• Hammer: When one or more hangers (see below) are around the hole, a so-called hammer can be used. A hammer is a bag thrown as an airmail bag with a high arch in an attempt to take hanger bags into the hole with it.
• Hanger: A bag on the lip of the hole ready to drop.^[9][10]
• Honors: The player or team who tosses first, resulting from the team scoring last or winning the coin toss before the first frame.^[10]
• Hooker: A bag hitting the board and hooking or curving around a blocker and going in the hole.^[9]
• Jumper: A bag that strikes another bag on the board causing it to jump up into the cornhole.^[9]
• Shortbag: When a bag lands on the ground just before the cornhole board.^[11]
• Skunk, whitewash or shutout: A game that ends in a 21–0 score or, by some unofficial rules, ends in an 11–0 score.^[9][10]
• Slide, or slider: A bag that lands in front of the hole and slides in.^[9][10]
• Swish: A bag that goes directly in the hole without touching the board. More often referred to as 'Airmail'^[10]
• Wash: When each team has scored exactly the same number of points in an inning, thereby 'washing out' all points scored in the inning.
• Woody: Refers to any cornhole bag that has been pitched and remains on the cornhole board playing surface at the conclusion of the frame.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcde'American Cornhole League Rules'(PDF).
2. ^ ^ab'ACL Official Rules'. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
3. ^De Windt, Heyliger. 'US Patent 285,396 - Parlor Quoits'. Google Patents. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
4. ^ ^abJensen-Brown, Peter. 'Parlor Quoits, Bean-Bags, and Faba Baga - a History of 'Cornhole' (the Game)'. Early Sports 'n' Pop-Culture History Blog. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
5. ^Popular Mechanics, September 1974, page 138 available online at https://books.google.com/books?id=DNUDAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
6. ^'American Cornhole League'. americancornholeleague.azurewebsites.net.
7. ^'About the ACO'.
8. ^'Cornhole Boards Official Cornhole Boards Regulation Cornhole Board'. American Cornhole Association.
9. ^ ^abcdefghij'Cornhole Lingo'. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
10. ^ ^abcdefghShauna Scott Rhone. 'By any name, game's appeal spreading quickly'. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
11. ^ ^ab'Cornhole Terminology'. Retrieved 2016-02-28.